Professor of Sociology & Anthropology at the National University of Singapore and Visiting Professor at the Department of Anthropology & Sociology, University of Malaya

PhD in Media and Communication Studies from the University of Malaya, Malaysia, as well as a Master's degree in Political Sciences from Azad University, Iran.

He held several key positions, including Director of Analysis in the Prime Minister’s Department and Director General of the Department of National Unity.

Research Officer at the Regional Social and Cultural Studies Programme at ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, and an Associate Editor of SOJOURN

PhD candidate in Comparative Asian Studies at the National University of Singapore. Prior to joining NUS, he received his B.A. in International Relations from Bilkent University